Pharmaceutical application of nanoparticles in drug delivery system

Nanoparticles are of current interest because of an emerging understanding of their possible effects on human health and environmental sustainability, and owing to the increasing output of man-made nanoparticles into the environment. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology have allowed the manufacturing of elaborated nanosized particles for various biomedical applications. The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has raised the possibility of using engineered nanoparticles that interact within biological environments for treatment of diseases. Nanoparticles interacting with cells and the extracellular environment can trigger a sequence of biological effects Nanoparticles have been developed as an important strategy to deliver conventional drugs, recombinant proteins, vaccines and more recently nucleotides. Nanoparticles modify the kinetics, body distribution and drug release of an associated drug. Other effects are tissue or cell specific targeting of drugs and the reduction of unwanted side effects by a controlled release. Therefore nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical biotechnology sector improve the therapeutic index and provide solutions for future delivery problems for new classes of so called biotech drugs including recombinant proteins and oligonucleotides. This paper aims to review various applications of nanoparticles as carrier system in the field of pharmaceuticals